Music with scientific and mathematical aspects

How does a layman perceive the music? For them, meaning of music is, to  either only singing or playing musical instruments, that's it! Music itself is not only a creative art but also a subject to be studied.
Have you ever had a thought that how the sound is produced by our vocal cord and instrument? Well, it's the game of science,
The sound waves play a major role in it.

Relationship of Music with Science and Mathematic

•There are a number of scientific theories that try to explain music. This is a clear indication that music is as complex and varied as any scientific principle or theory. As mathematics is both a science and an art, Music is both an art and a science.  In this way, the art of music and the science of mathematics are related.

•To make music, you must know how to break “sound” into elements of pitch, rhythm and tempo. Science teaches us that sound is vibration, and the frequency of vibration is what makes different sounds. Music then is the study of the sound created by those vibrations, and puts them into patterns that elicit emotion. Music is based on mathematics. And mathematicians view mathematics as “music for the intellect”. 

•Music is a force that can unite humans even as they are separated by distance and culture. Science can explain music, but only intellect and emotion can create it.

•In order to lift a certain object from the ground we have to use energy. But then to sustain it at that level, we have to keep on adding energy or otherwise the object falls to the ground. It’s exactly the same thing with the sound. We need a certain amount of energy to produce the sound. But then to sustain it we have to give more energy or otherwise it goes and it dies in silence. And therefore sound is absolutely, inextricably connected to time, the length of time. 

Important role in Indian Classical music

• While talking about Indian Classical music, I would like to explain that how actually mathematics works?
     Let's take any composition which is fitted into 12 matras/beat per rhythm. Now the composition starts from Sam, that is first matra (the smallest rhythmic sub-unit of a tala). For creating any rhythmic pattern out of this composition, first one needs to make a calculation in how many avarthanas [ the cycle, it comprises of measures (Vibhag) which are in turn composed of beats (Matra) ] and how many matras have been used in this composition, then calculate the one fourth and half or any other division by keeping the divisions of that Particular tala and composition in one's own mind!
Our Percussion music is based entirely on mathematic calculation and we all know that how enjoyment it does provide to us, as it makes us to let our mind and body dance. Isn't it? You won't say NO because I found this, that in a particular concert of any artist belongs to any form of music, We enjoy the melody ofcourse but when it comes to tabla/pakhawaj/drum/congo etc. Most of us who are not actually a music connoisseur, starts enjoying it that time only!

• Alright,  now you heard someone playing guitar/sitar or any other musical instrument or it can be Percussion instrument as well, Do you know how the sound is coming actually? When we pluck a string, definitely the sound comes but that sound is not musical. Not every sound is Musical though. If sound waves are oscillating rhythmically, it makes a sound musical. An instrument creates sound when part of it vibrates rapidly. The column of air inside a wind instrument, the string of a string instrument, or the stretched skin of a drum all vibrate when played. This vibration produces sound waves in the air, which we hear as musical notes.
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• Pythagoras, a famous mathematician who is known best for his Pythagorean theorem, is said to be the one who originally discovered the harmonic overtone series which is used in Western music.
- There exists a well-worn popular legend/ myth (of which there are several versions of this and they are all debatable) that Pythagoras passed by a blacksmith’s shop and heard the hammers creating tones of different pitches. The purported legend claims that he found that the hammers had different pitches based on their size and weight. The legend continues by explaining that he found that if a hammer was exactly twice the weight/size of another, the subsequent pitch that was created would ring exactly one octave higher. 
- Also, he believed that music should be regarded as a holy science and should never be used for mere entertainment purposes. He recognized music as the unifying principle of Harmonia, which he regarded as a divine principle that brings order to chaos and discord, which is also a reconciliation of opposing principles. Harmonia was one of the main principles of design and creation used in Egyptian architecture.

Conclusion
~ Music is a pure study of Science and maths including history as well, and this is an art form which is nearly enjoyed by every person of any profession, age group etc. Briefly, there's no one who can hate music.
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By - Bhavya Saraswat